Аналіз та інтерпретація творчості давньогрецької поетеси Cапфо у школі

Abstract

У статті розглянуто шляхи аналізу та інтерпретації творчого доробку давньогрецької поетеси Сапфо у школі. Запропоновано ряд прийомів навчання, які допоможуть вчителю цікаво та змістовно провести уроки вивчення ліричних творів Сапфо: визначення перебігу думок та почуттів твору, «Продовжіть думку», «Презентація», інтерпретація висловлювання, «Відображення вражень на папері», «Опиши поетичний образ», «Пошуки скарбів», «Психологічний етюд», «Поетична критика». The article deals with the ways of analyzing and interpreting the works of the ancient Greek poetess Sappho at school. A number of teaching methods which will help the teacher to conduct the lessons of studying the lyrical works by Sappho in an interesting and meaningful way are offered. The analysis and interpretation of the lyrical works by the ancient Greek poetess Sappho causes some difficulties for teachers, since this literary genus is psychologically complex and requires developed feelings that are not yet inherent to the pupils. Due to the psychological immaturity, small life experience, mostly subject-based thinking, pupils hardly perceive a complex metaphor, psychological drawing, subtexts, philosophical thoughts that characterize the lyrics of Sappho. At the secondary school, before the consideration of lyrical works, the teacher introduces the elements of analysis and interpretation. Sometimes the conjugated term «analysis-interpretation» is used. The main task of the analysis is an in-depth work with the read poem. The analysis is carried out as an isolation of the components of the work (motive, idea, construction, mood, images, language) and the characteristics of each. Interpretation of poetry can be accomplished through music, fine and the atrical art, as well as literary and critical intelligence. The subject of the interpretation of the poem can be a lyrical work in general, its key images or certain elements. During the analysis of Sappho’s poetry we offer to use learning techniques that will help to penetrate into the content of the poem and understand all its components: the technique of the definition of the course of thoughts and feelings of the work and the techniques «Continue the thought». When the analysis of work won’t give pupils sufficient representation of the depicted, an interpretation is used, which makes the pupils interpret the poem in their own way, in particular, multi-valued statements that are not clarified in the text. The task of interpretation is the original pupil’s thoughts, impressions, and judgments, which help form the reader’s idea of a work. At each lesson of studying lyrics the teacher tries to teach pupils to express their own thoughts and argue them, for this the following methods of teaching can be used: interpretations of the statement, «Presentation», «Reflection of impressions on the paper», «Describe the poetic image», «Treasure hunt», «Psychological Etude», «Poetic criticism».