Сволоки у контексті дослідження традиційного народного житла кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття Музею народної архітектури та побуту Середньої Наддніпрянщини національного історико-етнографічного заповідника «Переяслав»

Abstract

У статті досліджуються раритетні музейні предмети із фондової колекції Національного історико- етнографічного заповідника «Переяслав», сволоки, що підтримують стелю у народному житлі ХІХ – початку ХХ сто- ліття і є творами народного мистецтва. The article examines museum items from the stock collections of the National historical and ethnographic reserve «Pereyaslav», beams supporting the ceiling in the national dwelling of the XIX – beginning of XX century and are works of folk art. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that at the moment were not carried out detailed analysis of ceiling beams. XVII – XIX century. from the Museum's collection, of reserve «Pereyaslav», the data of ancient times has not been the subject of independent study, so the analysis of this problem will help to more comprehensively understand the use of amulets in the home. Accordingly, an analysis of the art features ceiling beams, the variety of functions and manufacturing techniques, using various materials, art-making was carried out only partially. That is what the novelty of the research. Problem analysis will help to more comprehensively understand the use of beams, their preservation and presentation in the exhibition NHER «Pereyaslav». The purpose of this study is to wicen and artistic analysis of ceiling beams in the context of Museum exhibitions and their wider submission to the visitors of the Museum, the study of symbols and symbolism of Ukrainian folk housing, in particular of the ceiling beams. The material will be useful during planning thematic lessons and preparing the lecture material, the promotion and advertising of Museum collections. A thorough study of the elements of decoration of people's homes, characters, ornament, decorative things is important and relevant because it solves the problem of drawing attention to everyday culture, life and traditions of the Ukrainian people, and promote the Museum's collections. The source material for a long time (most things made in the late. XVII – early XIX century.) and violation of conditions of storage are destructive processes, injuries and defects: cuts, scuffs, soiling, darkening and aging, loss of symbols and inscriptions, traces of insect excrement, the blackening, stains, deformation, spots (fungus), stains of unknown origin, deformation and colour loss, and deterioration of colour properties of paint. Therefore, a detailed study of rare Museum objects that exist in one copy and in very limited quantity, are of great scientific and cultural value.