«Котляревщина» як бурлескна практика та її елементи в епістолярній романтичній манері

Abstract

У статті аналізується романтична епістолярна традиція. Зазначається, що становлення української романтичної епістолярної традиції відбувалося як під дією західноєвропейських віянь, які потрапляли в Україну здебільшого через Польщу, так і під впливом тих усталених звичаїв, що мали місце в національній епістолярній спадщині попередніх епох. Епістолярна романтична манера в Україні формувалася у взаємодії з бароковою та в певному протистоянні з бурлескною традицією листування. Утім, про безпосередню боротьбу українських романтиків з останньою говорити не доводиться, оскільки бурлеск сприймався й тлумачився ними як етнокультурне утворення. The author analyzes the romantic epistolary tradition. It is noted that the formation of the Ukrainian romantic epistolary tradition took place both under the influence of modern Western European trends that came to Ukraine mainly through Poland, and under the influence of those established customs that took place in the national epistolary heritage of earlier epochs. It is proved that representatives of romanticism, realizing the importance of the national tradition in its various manifestations, started studying and publishing ancient epistolary monuments, which often became models for them in the process of epistolary creativity. The article notes that in Europe as a whole, the romantic manner of correspondence was formed in opposition to the classicist, and partly - to sentimentalist epistolary manners. However, in Ukraine, where classicism, as well as sentimentalism (with a few exceptions), did not realize their full potential and scale, the situation was different. The epistolary romantic manner in Ukraine was formed in interaction with the baroque and in some opposition to the burlesque tradition of correspondence. However, the direct struggle of Ukrainian romantics with the latter cannot be said, since burlesque was perceived and interpreted as an ethno-cultural entity, the presence of which allowed to establish the cultural identity and identity of the Ukrainian nation. Therefore, not only the sentimentalist and creator of burlesque-realistic prose, contemporary of romanticism of H. Kvitka- Osnovianenko, but also some letters of romance, including some letters to T. Shevchenko or O. Bodiansky, written by P. Kulish, were sustained, an outspoken opponent of the so-called “kotliarevshchyna”. A familiar and humorous manner was characteristic of T. Shevchenko’s early correspondence. In particular, the letters of T. Shevchenko to Ya. Kukharenko are mentioned.