To the question of translation theory approaches

Abstract

У статті розглянуто різні підходи до трактування поняття «переклад» у теорії перекладу. Подана студія трактує переклад як результат лінгво-текстуальної операції, у якій текст однієї мови контекстуалізується ще раз у іншій мові. Як лінгвістично-текстуальна операція переклад є предметом на який має вплив ланка екстралінгвістичних факторів та умов. Це співпраця між внутрішніми лінгво-текстуальними та екстра-лінгвістичними контекстуальними факторами, що роблять переклад таким комплексним явищем. Також у статті розглянуто питання «еквівалентності», як одного з ключових понять у теорії перекладу та різні підходи до його інтерпретації. The proposed article reveals different approaches to the interpretation of the term «translation» from the point of view of the translation theory. Here translation is seen as the result of a linguistic-textual operation in which a text in one language is re-contextualized in another language. As a linguistic- textual operation, translation is, however, subject to, and substantially influenced by, a variety of extra linguistic factors and conditions. It is this interaction between «inner» linguistic-textual and «outer» extra linguistic, contextual factors that makes translation such a complex phenomenon. So this article accepted the point of view that despite the multiple conditioning of translation and the resulting complexity, one may still, as a common core, retain the minimal definition of translation as a replacement of an original text in one language with a text in another language. When using the term «replacement», one may assume, rather negatively, that any translated text is in principle «second-best», i.e. a substitute for the «real thing». Viewed this way, translation is by definition a secondary act of communication. Different approaches to the formation of translation theory as unique study have been revealed and analyzed as well. One of the most important terms in the field of translation theory «equivalence» has been analyzed as well. Equivalence is a core concept in translation theory, and the conceptual basis of translation quality assessment. However, strange as this may seem, equivalence has also been one of the most controversial issues in recent decades. Thus we find scholars, who see equivalence as an important concept, but there are very vocal others who consider equivalence rather unnecessary. It has been seen, that most approaches of mentalist view to translation emphasize the belief that the quality of translation depends largely on the translator’s subjective decisions, which in turn are based on this experience. But it was mentioned as well, that the original text, the relation between original and translation and the expectations of target text readers are not given the attention they deserve, and the problem of distinguishing between a translation and various types of versions and adaptations is also ignored. As a conclusion we see, that a theory of translation is reach on approaches, which make it to the scientific field that requires a lot of methodologies and depends on target the scientist is looking for.