Відновлювана та нетрадиційна енергетика в Україні (початок ХХ–ХХІ ст.): провідні тенденції і перспективи розвитку

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена комплексному дослідженню історії розвитку відновлюваної енергетики в Україні початку ХХ – ХХІ ст. У роботі вперше систематизовано різні за походженням джерела (архіви, періодика, патенти), які розкривають історію становлення та розвитку галузі відновлюваної енергетики в України початку ХХ – ХХІ ст. Розглянуто процес формування даної галузі під впливом різних факторів – економічних, політичних, соціальних. Виявлено внутрішні закономірності розвитку відновлюваної енергетики, її періоди, проаналізовано вплив на дану галузь різноманітних зовнішніх чинників. The dissertation is devoted to complex research of the history of renewable energy in Ukraine during the beginning of XX – XXI century. For the first time in the work was systematically varied different sources of the materials (literary and archival), which reveals the history of the development and establishment of renewable energy in Ukraine during the beginning of the XX to the XXI century. The object of the dissertation is the renewable and alternative energy in Ukraine in the period of formation and development (the beginning XX – XXI century) via the European and world scientific achievements. The subject of the research – changings in the scientific ideas, research practices, technologies in the hydro, wind, solar renewable energy; formation of scientific schools, scientific corporations, promising directions of scientific researches in the field of the problem which is researched. In the XXI century – the period of the global social challenges and dynamic social life, applying of the traditional energy resources must be replaced by the renewable energy, especially for the environmental safety of the plane. Therefore, we need to update researches in the field of the history of renewable energy from the perspective of leading development trends, harmonization of the energy needs of mankind and society, the determining development prospects. Humanity paves way from expensive and environmentally hazardous energy to renewable, nonconventional, mind changing habits, socio-psychological instruction, of the nature and the social world. The relevance of the research is due to explore the multidimensional experience of domestic renewable energy in the early XX - XXI century, functioning of the scientific schools and centers of formation of the scientific potential of the nation, implementing interdisciplinary knowledge from the perspective of the network model of science. We need to develop the declared problems conditioned by the fact that at the present stage of historical science lacks research on the history of Ukraine renewable energy XX – XXI century. At the same time, the state of renewable energy reveals the degree of civilization of nations and peoples, to encourage awareness of responsibility and society by reducing the environmental burden on the planet, forming general public «green» thinking, new ideas and progressive views for the future. Additionally, the studied problem is considered from the human oriented view of the development of the renewable and alternative energy: research practices, corporations, scientists, manufacturers, engineers, designers community of this area of science and technology. In our time, when administrative and management reforms are holding, a significant role in implementing of the renewable energy must play the local government structures, which adjusts energy implementation according to regional needs. The state should create favorable conditions for attracting investments (primarily private) and provide the ability to create support funds of alternative energy resources (AER) are most economically feasible in the region. At the local level we need to decide which type of AER is most appropriate for implementation and optimize the financial and other resource support. Thus, the existing potential of AER in Ukraine, its scientific-industrial complex permits in the near future to significantly increase the pace of increasing amounts of AER. But we need to learn the experience of the European countries to create conditions to stimulate investment activity in this area, attracting both own and foreign investment. Ukraine should urgently carry out restructure its industrial complex in order to optimize energy consumption and simultaneously minimize energy imports from Russia. Along with the successful economic restructuring we need to solve the important problems of the energy distributing and carrying, number of organizational, legal and technical energy saving measures. The simultaneous implementation of organizational and legal measures and significant changes in the economic structure of energy consumption can be reduced by 2-3 times. It should provide organizational and legal support energy saving to develop and implement laws, standards, regulations of hazardous substances; the use of imported energy; setting up the resources accouters; government support for the effective implementation of new types of equipment, technologies, materials and so on. Later in energy intensive sectors of the economy such as metallurgy, electricity, carbon, oil and gas extraction and processing, municipal we need to implement measures that require significant capital expenditures. Since most enterprises in these sectors are private, state regulation setting up and implementation of national policies of the energy saving technology in the interest of the country should be a priority, as well as the introduction of effective economic and legal incentives. The process of forming this brunch of the energy under the influence of various factors – economic, political, social was described in the dissertation and in the research was detected internal laws of development of renewable energy, its periods, the influence on the industry a variety of external factors.