Радянське суспільство в УРСР у червні 1941 – липні 1942 рр. : історіографія

Abstract

У дисертації досліджено відображення в науковій літературі основних сфер буття суспільства УРСР з 22 червня 1941 р. по 22 липня 1942 р., а також розглянуто інтерпретації радянської соціально-політичної дійсності зазначеного періоду в історичній науці. Проаналізовано повноту й об’єктивність відображення в історіографії комплексу наукової літератури та джерел з даної проблеми. Виявлено і простежено в динаміці розвиток наукових інтерпретацій взаємовпливів і взаємовідносин суспільства та влади в УРСР в червні 1941 – липні 1942 рр. Проведено історіографічний аналіз оцінок місця та ролі силових структур в радянському суспільстві зазначеного періоду. Розглянуто історіографію окремих соціально-професійних груп радянського суспільства, узагальнено погляди різних наукових шкіл на соціальну стратифікацію в СРСР. Визначено сформовані в історіографії погляди на етнонаціональну структуру радянського суспільства, місце національного питання в політиці ВКП(б) та радянського уряду в зазначений період. The dissertation studied the reflection in the scientific literature the main spheres of life of society of the USSR from 22 June 1941 to 22 July 1942, and analyzed the interpretation of the Soviet social and political reality of this period in history Science. The author analyzed the completeness and objectivity of the display in the historiography of the scientific literature and sources on this issue. It identified and traced in dynamics of the development of scientific interpretations and mutual relations between society and the authorities in the USSR in June 1941 – July 1942. A historiographical analysis estimates place and role of security forces in Soviet society given period. In Soviet historiography this problem does not stand out as a separate subject of study. Officially adopted was the idea of cooperation between security forces and society, the absence of the Soviet state repressive and punitive measures in respect of the general population. Western historiography has paid to this problem much more attention, but suffered from a lack of resources (to 1991). Contemporary Western historiography as well as Ukrainian developing in the context of the problem through the joint. Opening the archives has allowed security services to investigate the activities of the NKVD of the Ukrainian lands in 1941 in many aspects: evacuation of prison control the mood of the population, the organization of the guerrilla movement, the actions of the NKVD on the front. In historiographic material followed ideological constants especially the formation of Soviet society in their dialectical relation with Marxist-Leninist ideology and traditional religious cults peculiar because a particular region of Ukraine. In the USSR, focusing on religious denominations and their connection with the government policy, changes in official ideology was politically impractical. The event, in terms of the Cold War, in contrast felt public demand for such studies. Western scholars in the construction of the findings were based on works of art, materials official publications, the decision of higher authorities USSR. They reached the conclusion that radical ideological reorientation official Soviet ideological values. Now for the main Soviet citizen becomes State's own defense against enemies, regardless of their social class, not the struggle for world socialist revolution. Analyzed the historiography of certain socio-professional groups of Soviet society, identified the major achievements and mistakes in this area, summarizes the views of different scientific schools of social stratification in the USSR. Soviet historiography focuses on the study of some of its components: workers, peasants, intellectuals. Foreign historiography did not put Soviet society is certainly endowed with a number of specific features, some special provisions. It is considered as a whole, with an attempt to expose contradictions and factors that contribute to its unity. Stratification considered in terms of its submission, the absence of private property different approach was impossible. Determined formed in historiography views on ethno-national structure of Soviet society, the place of the national question in politics VKP(b) and the Soviet government during this period. In Soviet historiography issues related to social and ethnic substructure Soviet society not investigated because tacit recognition of the final solution of the national question in the Soviet Union. Western and modern Ukrainian historiography are in positions of recognition of the existence of the USSR national ethnic hierarchy that kept unity and multi-ethnic state.