Васил Златарський (1866-1935 рр.) – представник болгарської національної історіографії

Abstract

Дисертаційне дослідження є першою комплексною спробою осягнення в українській історіографії постаті та наукової спадщини представника болгарської національної історіографії – Васила Николова Златарського (1866-1935). У ході дослідження здійснена класифікація джерельної бази та проаналізований стан розробки теми в історичній науці. Охарактеризовані обставини та середовище, в яких відбувалось формування особистих та наукових поглядів історика. Розроблено та подано власну періодизацію наукової роботи дослідника. Здійснено історіографічний аналіз наукової спадщини В. Златарського. Виділені основні напрямки дослідницьких інтересів вченого: історія державотворення, етногенез болгар, болгаро-візантійські відносини, християнізація, історія церкви, нумізматика, археологія, епіграфіка, історія культури болгар. Підкреслено, що у творах науковця велика увага приділялась значенню діяльності окремих осіб в історії Болгарії. Проаналізовано внесок В. Златарського у розвиток болгарської історичної науки. Окремо охарактеризовані викладацька та науково-громадська діяльність вченого. Доведено, що В. Златарський став основоположником болгарської національної історіографії. Виділені основні концептуальні лінії у працях вченого. The dissertation is the first comprehensive attempt to comprehend in the Ukrainian historiography the figure and scientific heritage of the representative of the Bulgarian national historiography – Vasil Nikolov Zlatarsky (1866-1935). The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature and archival sources that reflect the specified issues. In the course of the study the classification of the source base was carried out and the state of development of the topic in historical science was characterized. Historiography of the problem in work has been reflected in view of thematic blocks. In separate groups are allocated biographical works, historiographic and general works on history, which contain information about V. Zlatarsky and his activities. The documents of the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia) has been worked out. In particular – F. 9 K «Vasil Zlatarsky». The autobiography of the scientist, personal documents on education, letters and documents confirming participation in scientific societies are analyzed. Also for the applications has been used photo materials stored in Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences – F. 71 K «Zlatarsky, Georgy Nikolov». There has been discovered that Zlatarsky family members actively participated in social transformations that took place in Bulgaria after the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and related to the achievement of independence by the state. There has been characterized circumstances and environment in which the formation of personal and scientific views of the historian took place. Also has been established that the decisive factors in this process were the family circle and education. In the course of the research it was determined that M. Drinov and K. Irechek had indirectly the choice of profession and the range of scientific interests in the youth of V. Zlatarsky. His direct influence on the professional activity of V. Zlatarsky made by his teachers at the St. Petersburg University Byzantologist V. Vasilevsky and Slavist V. Lamansky. An own periodization of the research work of the researcher has been developed and submitted. The first stage covers the years 1887-1895 and relates to the acquisition of historical education and the formation of professional skills. The second one – 1895-1935, characterized by the preparation of an array of scientific works on political, ethnic, cultural history and historiography of Bulgaria. The 1918-1935 associated with the synthesis of V. Zlatarsky own work and the creation of a three-volume work «The history of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages». The historiographical analysis of the scientific work of V. Zlatarskyi has been carried out. There has been established that the first research of the historian was his dissertation work. Also has been noted that it was through the preparation and publication of the dissertation that he introduced documents in Bulgarian science reflecting the correspondence of the Tsarist Patriarch Mykolay Mystic with the Bulgarian king Simeon. They contain valuable information about the political events associated with Bulgaria's flowering period in the VII century.18 A separate part of the research is devoted to the fundamental work of V. Zlatarsky – «The History of the Bulgarian State in the Middle Ages», covering the events of the past of Bulgaria from VII through XIII century. The basis of the study is a large number of primarily Byzantine sources. Created by V. Zlatarsky's history, despite the criticism of exaggerating the role of the Hun component in the history of the Bulgarian people, remains relevant. It is emphasized that the work laid the foundations of the national history of Bulgaria. It is proved that the creation of V. Zlatarsky's history reflects not only political events, as a series of works devoted to the cultural development of Bulgaria. An analysis of the latest materials makes it possible to identify the scientist as the founder of «Cyril-Methodiust». Due to the research of the scientific heritage of V. Zlatarsky, the following areas of research interests of the scientist are identified: the history of state formation, the ethnogenesis of the Bulgarians, the Bulgarian-Byzantine relations, Christianization, the history of the church, numismatics, archeology, epigraphy, the history of Bulgarian culture. The contribution of V. Zlatarsky to the development of Bulgarian historical science has been analyzed. Also there has been noted that one of the most important achievements of the researcher was the preparation and writing of the medieval history of Bulgaria. It is also noted that V. Zlatarsky is the founder of Bulgarian historiography as a special historical discipline. He established an important tradition for Bulgarian historiography – the re-publication of scientific works by researchers of previous periods. V. Zlatarskyi's teaching and scientific activity has been described separately. There has been established that during his lifetime, the historian was a correspondent member of the leading educational institutions of Eastern Europe and more than 10 scientific societies, editor of scientific publications, an expert in the creation of museums and libraries in Bulgaria. There has been proved that V. Zlatarsky became the founder of Bulgarian national historian science. The main conceptual lines in the writings of the scientist are identified – the dominant role of the «Hun component» in the creation of the Bulgarian state, the important place of Christianity in the formation of a single ethnic group and the state of the Bulgarians, and the great influence of Bulgaria on the political processes in the Balkans during the VII-XIII centuries.