07.00.01 - історія України

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Browsing 07.00.01 - історія України by Subject "agriculture intensification"

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    Українська сільськогосподарська кооперація «Добробут»: створення та виробничо-торговельна діяльність (1924 – 1929 рр.)
    (2019) Волошин, І. В.; Voloshyn, I.
    У дисертації шляхом комплексного аналізу історичних джерел, а також здобутків історіографії з’ясовано характер діяльності, мету та конкретні заходи, здійснювані Всеукраїнською спілкою скотарської і молочної кооперації «Добробут» в умовах нової економічної політики протягом 1924 – 1929 рр. На основі широкої джерельної бази, із урахуванням здобутків історіографії, з’ясовано соціально-економічні чинники створення мережі спеціалізованої кооперації «Добробут», показано організаційний та соціально-економічний розвиток тваринницької кооперації України, зокрема процес розбудови спеціалізованих м’ясо-молочних кооперативних товариств та їх союзів. На численних фактах висвітлено заходи «Добробуту» щодо підвищення культури селянського тваринництва і товарності селянських господарств, а також організації українського експорту тваринницької продукції.In the thesis, the nature of the activities, the main goals and specific measures carried out by the all-Ukrainian union of cattle-breeding and dairy cooperation "Dobrobut" in the context of the new economic policy during 1924 – 1929 have been clarified through a comprehensive analysis of historical sources, as well as historiography achievements. In the course of the study, it was possible to come to the conclusion that during the period of the new economic policy, the all-Ukrainian union of cattle-breeding and dairy cooperation "Dobrobut" started up a large-scale and multilateral work aimed at intensifying the meat and dairy industry, attracting interested peasant farms to this process. Due to the measures taken, the animal husbandry of the Ukrainian SSR was able, in a short time, not only to meet the needs of the domestic market, but also to gain recognition in the external market. Due to a retrospective analysis, it can be useful to take into account the positive experience of "Dobrobut" union for improving the state of meat and dairy sector of food industry in modern Ukraine. Established in July 1924, the union of cattle-breeding and dairy cooperation "Dobrobut" began work in October of that year. It was noted in its statute that “the union has set the task to improve and develop meat and dairy cattle-breeding through the organization of breeding, marketing and processing of livestock products and the supply of union members with everything necessary for successful farming”. In the structure of "Dobrobut" there were at various times up to 19 divisions. The system of meat and dairy cooperation "Dobrobut" was characterized by qualified personnel, production experience, in-depth knowledge of the essence of various economic problems, thus organizing the most efficient use of credit funds in peasant farms that were cooperated by them. In order to improve the marketability of farms, the specialized system of meat and dairy cooperation "Dobrobut", successfully combining fiscal policy with well-organized organizational and economic work in the field of contracting, was able not only to quickly restore the production, but also to ensure the smooth operation of a number of important sectors of food and processing industries, as well as to conduct intensive construction of new enterprises and reconstruction of old ones. The system of economic, breeding and zootechnical measures, which were held by "Dobrobut", made it possible to quickly increase the efficiency of meat and dairy parts of peasant farms. Having good raw materials and a highly developed processing base, "Dobrobut" increased exports in meat and dairy cattle-breeding sector, especially since 1926. According to archival documents, "Dobrobut" products were in demand in Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Persia and other states. This was facilitated by a well-thought-out strategy of Ukrainian agricultural exports, numerous technical innovations, the creation of modern enterprises for meat and milk processing, their arrangement with powerful refrigerators and other equipment. On the basis of a broad source base, taking into account the achievements of historiography, socio-economic factors of creating the specialized cooperation network "Dobrobut" have been elucidated, organizational and socio-economic development of animal husbandry cooperation of Ukraine, in particular, the process of development of specialized meat and dairy cooperative societies and their unions is shown. Numerous facts show the activities of "Dobrobut" network to increase the culture of peasant cattle breeding, the marketability of Ukrainian peasant farms, and also to organize the export of livestock products.